This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by McSweeney, T. Articles by Hough, M. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

Supporting offenders with multiple needs

Lessons for the ‘mixed economy’ model of service provision

Mike Hough

King’s College London, UK

This article draws on an evaluation of a large-scale programme in London, ‘From Dependency to Work’ (D2W), to discuss the obstacles to effective work with offenders with multiple needs. D2W, a five-year programme funded through the Single Regeneration Budget, aimed to support offenders with a range of multiple needs including drug dependence, mental health issues, employment problems and illiteracy. It was an ambitious programme that sought to co-ordinate the work of statutory and voluntary agencies in a similar way to the ‘mixed economy’ model envisaged for the National Offender Management Service (NOMS); that met with implementation problems, which limited its overall impact. These related in part to problems in finding ways of effectively assessing those with multiple needs, and planning a rational sequence of interventions; but the way in which the programme was performance-managed also destabilized the partnership to a considerable degree. The study carries important lessons for NOMS, both in relation to approaches to offender management and to contract management.

Key Words: drug treatment • employment schemes • NOMS • offender needs

References

• Audit Commission (2004) Drug Misuse 2004: Reducing the Local Impact. London: Audit Commission .
• Bridges, A. (1998) Increasing the Employability of Offenders: An Inquiry into Probation Service Effectiveness. Probation Studies Unit Report No. 5. Oxford: Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford .
• Caddick, C. and A. Webster (1998) ‘Offender Literacy and the Probation Service’ , The Howard Journal 37(2): 137–147 .[CrossRef]
• Carter, P. (2003) ‘Managing Offenders, Reducing Crime—a New Approach’, Correctional Services Review by Patrick Carter. London: Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit .
• Davies, K., J. Lewis, J. Byatt, E. Purvis and C. Cole (2004) An Evaluation of the Literacy Demands of General Offending Behaviour Programmes. Home Office Research Findings No. 233. London: Home Office .
• Effective Interventions Unit (2003) Moving On Update: Education, Training and Employment for Recovering Drug Users. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive .
• Farrall, S. (2002) Rethinking What Works with Offenders. Cullompton: Willan Publishing .
• Farrall, S. and S. Maruna (2004) ‘Desistance-Focused Criminal Justice Policy Research: Introduction to a Special Issue on Desistance from Crime and Public Policy’ , The Howard Journal 43(4): 358–367 .[CrossRef]
• Farrington, D.P., B. Gallagher, L. Morley, R.J. St Ledger and D.J. West (1986) ‘Unemployment, School Leaving and Crime’ , British Journal of Criminology 26(4): 335–356 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Fletcher, D., D. Woodhill and A. Herrington (1998) Building Bridges into Employment and Training for Ex-offenders. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
• Flynn, N. (2004) Employers and Offenders: Reducing Crime through Work and Rehabilitation. London: The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) .
• Graham, J. and J. Bowling (1995) Young People and Crime. Home Office Research Study No. 145. London: Home Office .
• Home Office (2004) Reducing Crime: Changing Lives. London: Home Office .
• Hough, M. and D. Mitchell (2003) ‘Drug-Dependent Offenders and Justice for All’, in M. Tonry (ed.) Confronting Crime: Crime Control Policy under New Labour, pp. 26–50. Cullompton: Willan Publishing .
• Institute for Criminal Policy Research (ICPR), School of Law, King’s College, London and Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour (CRDHB), Imperial College, London (2004) ‘Criminal Justice Integrated Teams: Summary of the Scoping Exercise’, unpublished report prepared for the Home Office.
• Keetley, K. and T. Weaver (2004) ‘Evaluation of the Drug Interventions Programme: Literature Review of Case Management’, unpublished paper. Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour. London: Imperial College.
• Klee, H., I. McLean and C. Yavorsky (2002) Employing Drug Users: Individual and Systematic Barriers to Rehabilitation. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation .
• Laub, J.H. and R.J. Sampson (2001) ‘Understanding Desistance from Crime’ , Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research 28: 1–70 .
• Liebling, A. (2004) Prisons and Their Moral Performance: A Study of Values, Quality and Prison Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press .
• McKeganey, N., C. Connelly, J. Knepil, J. Norrie and L. Reid (2000) Interviewing and Drug Testing of Arrestees in Scotland: A Pilot of the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Methodology. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Central Research Unit .
• McSweeney, T. and M. Hough (2005) ‘Drugs and Alcohol’, in N. Tilley (ed.) A Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety, pp. 563–594. Cullompton: Willan Publishing .
• McSweeney, T., V. Herrington, M. Hough, P.J. Turnbull and J. Parsons (2004) From Dependency to Work: Addressing the Multiple Needs of Offenders with Drug Problems. Researching Criminal Justice Series. Bristol: The Policy Press .
• Mair, G. and C. May (1997) Offenders on Probation. Home Office Research Study No. 167. London: Home Office .
• Maruna, S., R. Immarigeon and T.P. LeBel (2004) ‘Ex Offender Reintegration: Theory and Practice’, in S. Maruna and R. Immarigeon (eds) After Crime and Punishment: Pathways to Offender Reintegration, pp. 3–26. Cullompton: Willan Publishing .
• May, C. (1999) Explaining Reconviction Following a Community Sentence: The Role of Social Factors. Home Office Research Study No. 192. London: Home Office .
• Metcalf, H., T. Anderson and H. Rolfe (2001) Barriers to Employment for Offenders and Ex-offenders.Department of Work and Pensions Report No. 155. Leeds: CDS .
• Miller, W.R. and S. Rollnick (1991) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behaviour. New York: Guilford Press .
• Niven, S. and D. Stewart (2005) Resettlement Outcomes on Release from Prison in 2003. Home Office Research Findings No. 248. London: Home Office .
• O’Shea, N., I. Moran and S. Bergin (2003) Snakes and Ladders: Mental Health and Criminal Justice. Findings from the Evaluation of the Revolving Doors Agency Link Worker Schemes. London: Revolving Doors Agency .
• Preble, E. and J.J. Casey (1969) ‘Taking Care of Business’ , International Journal of the Addictions 4(1): 1–24 .
• Prochaska, J.O., C.C. DiClemente and J.C. Norcross (1992) ‘In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors’ , American Psychologist 47(9): 1102–1114 .[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Sampson, R.J. and J. Laub (1993) Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turnings Points through Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press .
• Sarno, C., I. Hearnden, C. Hedderman, M. Hough, C. Nee and V. Herrington (2000) Working Their Way Out of Offending: An Evaluation of Two Probation Employment Schemes. Home Office Research Study No. 218. London: Home Office .
• Singleton, N., H. Meltzer, R. Gatward, J. Coid and D. Deasy (1998) Psychiatric Morbidity among Prisoners in England and Wales. London: Office of National Statistics .
• Social Exclusion Unit (2002) Reducing Re-offending by Ex-prisoners. London: Social Exclusion Unit .
• Sondhi, A., J. O’Shea and T. Williams (2002) Arrest Referral Statistical Update: Statistics from the Arrest Referral Monitoring Programme for October 2000 to March 2001. London: Home Office (http://www.drugs.gov.uk/ReportsandPublications/Communities/1034258640/ArrestReferral_stat_update.pdf).
• Tarling, R. (1982) Unemployment and Crime. Home Office Research Bulletin No. 14: 28–33. London: Home Office Research and Planning Unit .
• Uggen, C. (2000) ‘Work as a Turning Point in the Life Course of Criminals: A Duration Model of Age, Employment and Recidivism’ , American Sociological Review 65(4): 529–546 .[CrossRef]
• Uggen, C. and J. Staff (2001) ‘Work as a Turning Point for Criminal Offenders’ , Corrections Management Quarterly 5(4): 1–16 .
• Webster, R., C. Hedderman, P.J. Turnbull and T. May (2001) Building Bridges to Employment for Prisoners. Home Office Research Study No. 226. London: Home Office .

CiteULike

Connotea

Del.icio.us

Digg

Reddit

Technorati

This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by McSweeney, T. Articles by Hough, M. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                   What's this?